Adsorptive Desulfurization of Iraqi Light Naphtha Using Calcite and Modified Calcite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2024.1.8Keywords:
Adsorption, desulfurization, naphtha, adsorption isotherm, activated carbon, calciteAbstract
This study used the adsorption method to remove sulfur compounds from light naphtha fuel by using calcite and modified calcite as adsorbents. The calcite was prepared from chicken eggshells by heating and activation methods. It was modified by mixing it with commercial activated carbon as a new adsorbent. XRD and FTIR were used to characterize the adsorbents. Light naphtha fuel from the Al-Diwaniyah refinery, with a sulfur concentration of 776 ppm, was used in batch adsorption studies. Various operation conditions that affect the adsorption process were studied such as temperature (20–40 °C), weight of the adsorbent (1-3 g), and contact time (15–45 min) at constant mixing speed (300 rpm). In this study, the Minitab Program-Box-Behnken design was used to design experiments in batch adsorption studies of light naphtha, which is considered more straightforward and accurate because it shows the effect of each dependent factor on the adsorption efficiency and removal ratio. Results and analysis showed that the increase in temperature, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time would increase the removal efficiency. The analysis of adsorption equilibrium isotherms shows that the experimental data follows the Freundlich isotherm model for adsorbents. According to the results of the study, the highest removal percentages of sulfur content of light naphtha using calcite and modified calcite were 61% and 79%, respectively.
References
S. M. Alardhi et al., “Artificial neural network model for predicting the desulfurization efficiency of Al-Ahdab crude oil,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC, 2022, p. 030033. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0091975
A. Demirbas, H. Alidrisi, and M. A. Balubaid, “API gravity, sulfur content, and desulfurization of crude oil,” Pet Sci Technol, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 93–101, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2014.950383
K. X. Lee and J. A. Valla, “Adsorptive desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbons using zeolite-based sorbents: a comprehensive review,” React Chem Eng, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 1357–1386, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RE00036D
J. I. Humadi, A. T. Nawaf, A. T. Jarullah, M. A. Ahmed, S. A. Hameed, and I. M. Mujtaba, “Design of new nano-catalysts and digital basket reactor for oxidative desulfurization of fuel: Experiments and modelling,” Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 190, pp. 634–650, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2022.12.043
G. Yu, D. Jin, F. Zhang, S. Tian, Z. Zhou, and Z. Ren, “Extraction-adsorption coupled desulfurization of fuel oil by novel functionalized porous liquids,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 453, p. 139935, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139935
J. Jiao, X. Zhou, S. Zhao, W. Jiao, and R. Wang, “In situ highly dispersed loading of molybdenum dioxide with oxygen vacancies on N-doped graphene for enhanced oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil,” J Environ Chem Eng, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 109402, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109402
C. Zhang et al., “Coordination environment dependent stability of Cu-based MOFs towards selective adsorption desulfurization,” Chemical Engineering Journal, p. 142670, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142670
R. A. Omar and N. Verma, “Review of Adsorptive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels and Regeneration Attempts,” Ind Eng Chem Res, vol. 61, no. 25, pp. 8595–8606, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01426
H. B. Sembiring, N. Pasaribu, and J. Sitepu, “Calcium carbonate from chicken eggshells as adsorbents,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0046388
A. H. Sulaymon, H. H. Alwan, "Performance of Mixing Granules Solid Materials by Fluidization”, Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 35–40, Dec. 2004, https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2004.4.6
G.K.Jabbar, H.A. Al-Jendeel and Y.A. Alsheikh “Desulphurization of Simulated Oil Using SAPO-11 with CNT’s as Adsorbent: A Kinetic Study”, Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 69–77, Sep. 2023, https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2023.3.7
L. J. Kennedy, J. J. Vijaya, K. Kayalvizhi, and G. Sekaran, “Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions using mesoporous carbon prepared by two-stage process,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 132, no. 1–3, pp. 279–287, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.01.009
Z.K. Abd AL-Hussain and H.M. Abdul-Hameed, “Removal of Lead Ions from Wastewater by using a Local Adsorbent from Charring Tea Wastes. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 24, 3, 93–102, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2023.3.9
M. Ahmad, A.R.A. Usman, S.S. Lee, S. Kim, J. Joo, J. E. Yang, Y. S. Ok “Eggshell and coral wastes as low cost sorbents for the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 198–204, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2011.11.013
R. A. Ningrum, S. Humaidi, S. Sihotang, and D. Bonardo, “Synthesis and material characterization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from the waste of chicken eggshells,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, 2022, p. 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012009
Q.A. Mahmood, B.A. Abdulmajeed and R. Haldhar, “Oxidative Desulfurization of Simulated Diesel Fuel by Synthesized Tin Oxide Nano-Catalysts Support on Reduced Graphene Oxide”. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 24(4), 83-90, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2023.4.8
M. S. Tizo et al., “Efficiency of calcium carbonate from eggshells as an adsorbent for cadmium removal in aqueous solution,” Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 326–332, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2018.09.002
N. Abdus-Salam, B. Magaji, N. A. Salam, M. Buhari, and N. Abdus-Salam, “Adsorption of alizarin and fluorescein dyes onto palm seeds activated carbon: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies,” Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan. Aug2016, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p604-614. 2016.
H. A. Aljendeel, H. A. Rasheedi, N. S., Ahmedzek, M. H., Alhassani,” Dual Application of Al-Kheriat of Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution and Acting as Rodenticide”. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 24(4), 16-26. 2023. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/159335
D. M. G. Saad, E. M. Cukrowska, and H. Tutu, “Phosphonated cross-linked polyethylenimine for selective removal of uranium ions from aqueous solutions,” Water Science and Technology, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 122–129, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.133
S. H. Ammar and S. A. Jaafar, “Adsorption Kinetic and Isotherms Studies of Thiophene Removal from Model Fuel on Activated Carbon Supported Copper Oxide,” Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 83–93, 2017, https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2017.2.7
H. J. Mousa and H. Q. Hussein, “Adsorptive Desulfurization of Iraqi Heavy Naphtha Using Different Metals over Nano Y Zeolite on Carbon Nanotube,” Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 23–31, Mar. 2020, https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.1.4
A. Azimi, A. Azari, M. Rezakazemi, and M. Ansarpour, “Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters: a review,” ChemBioEng Reviews, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 37–59, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201600010
V. O. Shikuku, R. Zanella, C. O. Kowenje, F. F. Donato, N. M. G. Bandeira, and O. D. Prestes, “Single and binary adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics onto iron-modified clay: linear and nonlinear isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanistic studies,” Appl Water Sci, vol. 8, pp. 1–12, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0825-4
A. Üçer, A. Uyanik, and Ş. F. Aygün, “Adsorption of Cu (II), Cd (II), Zn (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) ions by tannic acid immobilised activated carbon,” Sep Purif Technol, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 113–118, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.06.012
M. N. Abbas and S. A. Ibrahim, “Catalytic and thermal desulfurization of light naphtha fraction,” Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 229–235, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2019.08.001
V. O. Shikuku, C. O. Kowenje, and F. O. Kengara, “Errors in parameters estimation using linearized adsorption isotherms: sulfadimethoxine adsorption onto kaolinite clay,” Chemical Science International Journal, 23(4): 1-6, 2018; https://doi.org/10.9734/CSJI/2018/44087
Z. Li et al., “Adsorption of thiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 4, 6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene on activated carbons,” Adsorption Science & Technology, vol. 34, no. 2–3, pp. 227–243, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263617415623439
P. Das, S. Goswami, and S. Maity, “Removal of naphthalene present in synthetic waste water using novel G/GO nano sheet synthesized from rice straw: comparative analysis, isotherm and kinetics,” Front. Nanosci Nanotech, vol. 2, pp. 38–42, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15761/FNN.1000107
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by College of Engineering, University of Baghdad.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
