Studying of high pressure/deep formations based on rock mechanical properties evaluation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2024.4.15Keywords:
Halfaya Oilfield; Mechanical Earth Model; Pore Pressure; Elastic Properties; Far-field Stresses.Abstract
Geomechanics plays a significant role in all phases of an oil and gas field’s life cycle, from exploration to production and even beyond field abandonment. It has various applications in the petroleum industry, such as predicting safe mud window and determining the magnitude and direction of in-situ stresses. The objective of this study is to determine the magnitude and orientation of far-field stresses, identify fault types, estimate pore pressure, and evaluate mechanical properties for different formations by constructing a one-dimensional geomechanical model (1D-MEM) for a deep well in the Halfaya oilfield. This study utilizes open-hole log measurements, including density, sonic compression and shear wave velocities, gamma-ray, caliper, and bit size. The results from the model indicate that the Mishrif A, Mishrif B1, Mishrif B2, Mishrif C1, Mishrif C2, Mishrif C3, Mauddud, Nahr Umr B, Ahmadi, and Zubair formations exhibit normal faulting. On the other hand, the Nahr Umr A, Shuaiba, Ratawi, and Yamama formations show strike-slip faulting. The Rumaila formation, based on the magnitudes of the far-field stresses, appears to exhibit reverse faulting. Furthermore, the Yamama formation demonstrates abnormally high pore pressure, while other formations are considered natural pressure formations. In terms of rock properties, shale and sand formations have lower Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and UCS, whereas limestone formations have higher values. Moreover, limestone formations exhibit higher friction angles compared to sandstone and shale formations.
Received on 04/01/2024
Received in Revised Form on 21/05/2024
Accepted on 21/05/2024
Published on 30/12/2024
References
D.F. Boutt, B.K Cook, and J.R Williams, “A coupled fluid–solid model for problems in geomechanics: Application to sand production,” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol.35, pp. 997-1018, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.938
A.M. Al-Ajmi and R.W. Zimmerman, “Stability analysis of vertical boreholes using the Mogi–Coulomb failure criterion,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol 43, pp .1200-1211, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.04.001
S. Gstalder and J. Raynal, “Measurement of Some Mechanical Properties of Rocks and Their Relationship to Rock Drillability,” Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, vol. 18, no. 08, pp. 991–996, 1966. https://doi.org/10.2118/1463-PA
A.Z. Noah, M.A. Mesbah, and H. Osman, “Comprehensive Wellbore Instability Management by Determination of Safe Mud Weight Windows Using Mechanical Earth Model, Meleiha Field, Western Desert, Egypt,” Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 66, pp. 449-463, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2022.150856.6534
W. B. Bradley, “Failure of inclined boreholes,” Journal of Energy Resources Technology, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 232–239, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3446925
R.R. Hillis and A.F. Williams, “The stress field of the North West Shelf and wellbore stability,” Journal of the Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association, vol. 33, pp.373–385., 1993. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ92028
C. Chandong, M. D. Zoback, and A. Khaksar, “Empirical Relations between Rock Strength and Physical Properties in Sedimentary Rocks,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.51, pp.223–237, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2006.01.003
M. Abdulaziz., L. Hayder, A. Abdel Sattar, S. Alhussainy, and A.K. Abbas, “3D Mechanical Earth Model for Optimized Wellbore Stability, a Case Study from South of Iraq,” Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, vol.11, pp. 3409–3420, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01255-6
W. Al-Kattan and N. Jasim Al-Ameri, “Estimation of the Rock Mechanical Properties Using Conventional Log Data in North Rumaila Field,” Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 27–33, 2012. https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2012.4.3
W. I. T. Al-Rubaye and S. M. Hamd-Allah, “A High Resolution 3D Geomodel for Giant Carbonate Reservoir- A Field Case Study from an Iraqi Oil Field”, Journal of Engineering, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 160–173, 2019. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.01.12
W. A. N. G Jun., G. U. O. Rui., Z. H. A. O. Limin., L. I. Wenke., Z. H. O. U. Wen., D. U. A. N. Tianxiang, “Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors: A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, Halfaya Oilfield, Iraq”, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Development, vol. 43, no.3, pp. 404-415, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30047-7
Y. Zhong., X. Tan., L. Zhao., D. Xiao, “Identification of facies‐controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity”, Geological Journal, vol. 54, no.1, pp. 450-465, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3193
H. B. Ghalib., A. B. Al-Hawash., W. R. Muttashar., A. Bozdag., A. A. Al-Saady, “Determining the effect of mineral scaling formation under different injection water sources on the performance of Mishrif carbonate reservoir in Halfaya oilfield, Southern Iraq”, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, vol. 13, no.5, pp. 1265-1282, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-023-01614-5
M. E. Nasser, “3D Facies Modeling of Mishrif Reservoir in Halfaya Oil Field”, Iraqi Journal of Science, pp. 180-191, 2021, https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.17
S. A. Jassam and O. Al-Fatlawi, “Development of 3D geological model and analysis of the uncertainty in a tight oil reservoir in the Halfaya Oil Field”, The Iraqi Geological Journal, pp. 128-142, 2023. https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1B.10ms-2023-2-18
S. W. Al-Marsomy and T. K. Al-Ameri, “Petroleum system modeling of Halfaya oil field south of Iraq” Iraqi Journal of Science, pp. 1446-1456, 2015.
J. S. Bell, “Practical Methods for Estimating in Situ Stresses for Borehole Stability Applications in Sedimentary Basins,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.38, pp.111–119, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(03)00025-1
R.T. Ewy, “Wellbore-Stability Predictions by Use of a Modified Lade Criterion,” SPE Drill & Compl, vol. 14, pp. 85–91, 1999, https://doi.org/10.2118/56862-PA
V. Rasouli, Z. J. Pallikathekathil, and E. Mawuli, “The Influence of Perturbed Stresses near Faults on Drilling Strategy: A Case Study in Blacktip Field North Australia,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.76, pp.37–50, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2010.12.003
R. A. Plumb and S. H. Richard, “Stress-induced borehole elongation: A comparison between the four-arm dipmeter and the borehole televiewer in the Auburn Geothermal Well,” Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 90, pp. 5513–5521, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB07p05513
R.H Allawi and M.S. Al-Jawad, “Wellbore instability management using geomechanical modeling and wellbore stability analysis for Zubair shale formation in Southern Iraq,” Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, vol.11, pp. 4047–4062, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01279-y
A.R. Najibi, M. Ghafoori, and G. R. Lashkaripour, “Reservoir Geomechanical Modeling: In-Situ Stress, Pore Pressure, and Mud Design,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.151, pp.31– 39, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.01.045
F. H. AlShibli and A. A. A. A. Alrazzaq, “Laboratory Testing and Evaluating of Shale Interaction with Mud for Tanuma Shale formation in Southern Iraq,” Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 35–41, 2022. https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2022.3.5
M. Hoseinpour and M.A. Riahi, “Determination of the mud weight window, optimum drilling trajectory, and wellbore stability using geomechanical parameters in one of the Iranian hydrocarbon reservoirs,” Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, vol.12, pp. 63–82, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01399-5
N. J. Al-Ameri, “Kick tolerance control during well drilling in southern Iraqi deep wells”, Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 45–52, 2015, https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2015.3.5
A. K. AlHusseini and S. M. Hamed-Allah, “Estimation Pore and Fracture Pressure Based on Log Data; Case Study: Mishrif Formation/Buzurgan Oilfield at Iraq,” Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 65–78, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2023.1.8
J. S. Bell, “Practical methods for estimating in situ stresses for borehole stability applications in sedimentary basins,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol. 38, pp. 111–119, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(03)00025-1
L.S. Miroshnikova, “Use of the rock preservation scale in geomechanical investigations and construction,” Journal of Hydrotechnical Construction, vol.21, pp.72–78, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01424908
W. Khyrie and A. A. A. A. Alrazzaq, “Determination of Safe Mud Weight Window in Rumaila Oilfield, Southern Iraq,” The Iraqi Geological Journal., vol. 54, pp. 48–61, 2021. https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2F.5ms-2021-12-22
D. Moos, P. Peska, T. Finkbeiner, and M. Zoback, “Comprehensive wellbore stability analysis utilizing Quantitative Risk Assessment,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol. 38, pp. 97–109, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(03)00024-X
M. I. Saddam and G. M. Farman, “Estimation of Pore Pressure and In-Situ Stresses for Halfaya Oil Field: A Case Study,” Texas Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 13, pp. 1–7, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by College of Engineering, University of Baghdad.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
