MXenes: Types, preparation, and applications in water treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2026.3.5Keywords:
MXene; 〖Ti〗_3 C_2 T_x; membranes; water treatment; nanofiltrationAbstract
MXenes have attracted significant attention as advanced 2D materials for water treatment, but previous assessments have been largely descriptive and have not adequately compared material types, manufacturing strategies, and practical performance. This paper aims to evaluate MXene-based membranes in terms of composition, surface chemistry, interlayer engineering and membrane design and to relate properties to water flux, rejection efficiency, adsorption capacity, antifouling behaviour and stability. Our goal is not to provide general summaries, but to highlight the critical points that will guide MXenes from laboratory demonstrations to real-world applications in water purification. This review also addresses major challenges including oxidation, restacking, swelling, mechanical fragility, scalability and environmental safety. Such a contrast between existing gaps and present advances provides a more lucid basis for the selection and design of MXene membranes in sustainable water treatment applications.
Received on 03/06/2026
Received in Revised Form on 31/07/2026
Accepted on 31/07/2026
Published on 30/09/2026
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