Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by robust visible-light-driven polyvinylidene fluoride membranes incorporating Ag2O@CRA photocatalyst: Kinetics analysis and cost assessment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2025.3.3Keywords:
Kinetics, oxidation; heterojunction photocatalyst; photocatalytic membrane; polyvinylidene fluoride; methylene blueAbstract
The kinetic study of the visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye by the Ag₂O@CRA heterojunction photocatalyst and robust polyvinylidene fluoride membranes incorporating Ag₂O@CRA heterojunction photocatalyst (PVDF/Ag₂O@CRA) was investigated. This study involves a comparison of the outcomes of the kinetic study performed based on the experimental data of the oxidative photocatalytic degradation of the MB dye. The zero-order, pseudo-first-order, and modified Freundlich kinetic models were applied to accomplish this study. The results showed that the photocatalytic oxidation of the MB dye by the Ag2O@CRA photocatalyst followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the apparent rate constant (k1) value was 0.1231 min-1. The photocatalytic oxidation of the MB dye by the modified PVDF membrane with 0.3 wt.% Ag2O@CRA photocatalyst followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the apparent rate constant (k1) value was 0.0196 min-1. Also, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used to model the MB photocatalytic degradation kinetics by the Ag2O@CRA photocatalyst for 10-40 mg/L inlet MB concentrations. Likewise, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used to model the kinetics of the MB photocatalytic degradation by the PVDF membrane with 0.3 wt.% Ag₂O@CRA photocatalyst for 5-20 mg/L inlet MB concentrations. It was found that the intrinsic photocatalysis reaction rate constant (kr) was 0.8286 mg/L.min for the Ag₂O@CRA heterojunction photocatalyst and 0.209 mg/L.min for the PVDF/Ag₂O@CRA photocatalytic membrane. Also, it was found that the equilibrium adsorption constant (Kad.) was 0.3245 L/mg for the Ag₂O@CRA heterojunction photocatalyst and 0.218 L/mg for the PVDF/Ag₂O@CRA photocatalytic membrane. The manufacturing cost for the Ag₂O@CRA photocatalyst and PVDF/Ag₂O@CRA photocatalytic membrane was estimated to be $2.45/10 g and $78/m², respectively.
Received on 31/03/2025
Received in Revised Form on 25/06/2025
Accepted on 26/06/2025
Published on 30/09/2025
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